Lottery
A method of raising money by selling tickets with numbers on them, and then choosing winners by chance. Often, the winners are awarded money or goods. Lotteries are widely popular in the United States and England. Many people also play private lotteries to raise money for specific purposes. Benjamin Franklin, for example, held a lottery during the American Revolution to finance cannons to defend Philadelphia. During the 19th century, private lotteries were particularly common, and they played an important role in funding institutions such as Harvard, Dartmouth, Yale, King’s College (now Columbia), and William and Mary.
The earliest recorded public lotteries to award money prizes were held in the Low Countries in the 15th century, with towns trying to raise funds for town fortifications and for poor relief. Francis I of France introduced French lotteries in the 16th century, and they continued to grow in popularity until the 17th century.
The popularity of state lotteries is based on the perception that they support a particular public good, such as education. This argument is particularly effective during economic downturns when voters are concerned about tax increases or cuts in government spending. However, studies have shown that the actual fiscal condition of state governments does not appear to influence whether or when they adopt a lottery. Instead, the primary factor appears to be state officials’ willingness to manage an activity from which they profit. In an era of anti-tax fervor, it is not surprising that states would want to maximize their lottery profits.